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The SecOps Group Certified Network Security Practitioner Sample Questions (Q37-Q42):

NEW QUESTION # 37
Which SMB (Server Message Block) network protocol version introduced support for encrypting SMB traffic?

A. SMBv3
B. SMBv2
C. SMBv1
D. None of the above

Answer: A

Explanation:
The SMB protocol, used for file and printer sharing, has evolved across versions, with significant security enhancements in later iterations.
Why C is correct: SMBv3, introduced with Windows 8 and Server 2012, added native support for encrypting SMB traffic. This feature uses AES-CCM encryption to protect data in transit, addressing vulnerabilities in earlier versions. CNSP notes SMBv3's encryption as a critical security improvement.
Why other options are incorrect:
A . SMBv1: Lacks encryption support and is considered insecure, often disabled due to vulnerabilities like WannaCry exploitation.
B . SMBv2: Introduces performance improvements but does not support encryption natively.
D . None of the above: Incorrect, as SMBv3 is the version that introduced encryption.

NEW QUESTION # 38
What is the response from a closed TCP port which is behind a firewall?

A. RST and an ACK packet
B. A FIN and an ACK packet
C. A SYN and an ACK packet
D. No response

Answer: D

Explanation:
TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) uses a three-way handshake (SYN, SYN-ACK, ACK) to establish connections, as per RFC 793. When a client sends a SYN packet to a port:
Open Port: The server responds with SYN-ACK.
Closed Port (no firewall): The server sends an RST (Reset) packet, often with ACK, to terminate the attempt immediately.
However, when a firewall is present, its configuration dictates the response. Modern firewalls typically operate in stealth mode, using a "drop" rule for closed ports rather than a "reject" rule:
Drop: Silently discards the packet without replying, resulting in no response. The client experiences a timeout (e.g., 30 seconds), as no feedback is provided.
Reject: Sends an RST or ICMP "Port Unreachable," but this is less common for security reasons, as it confirms the firewall's presence.
For a closed TCP port behind a firewall, "no response" (drop) is the standard behavior in secure configurations, minimizing information leakage to attackers. This aligns with CNSP's focus on firewall best practices to obscure network topology during port scanning (e.g., with Nmap).
Why other options are incorrect:
A . A FIN and an ACK packet: FIN-ACK is used to close an established TCP connection gracefully (e.g., after data transfer), not to respond to an initial SYN on a closed port.
B . RST and an ACK packet: RST-ACK is the host's response to a closed port without a firewall. A firewall's drop rule overrides this by silently discarding the packet.
C . A SYN and an ACK packet: SYN-ACK indicates an open port accepting a connection, the opposite of a closed port scenario.
Real-World Context: Tools like Nmap interpret "no response" as "filtered" (firewall likely present) vs. "closed" (RST received), aiding in firewall detection.

NEW QUESTION # 39
You are performing a security audit on a company's network infrastructure and have discovered the SNMP community string set to the default value of "public" on several devices. What security risks could this pose, and how might you exploit it?

A. Both A and B.
B. None of the above.
C. The potential risk is that an attacker could use the SNMP protocol to gather sensitive information about the devices. You might use a tool like Snmpwalk to query the devices for information.
D. The potential risk is that an attacker could use the SNMP protocol to modify the devices' configuration settings. You might use a tool like Snmpset to change the settings.

Answer: C

Explanation:
SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) uses community strings as a basic form of authentication. The default read-only community string "public" is widely known, and if left unchanged, it exposes devices to unauthorized access. The primary risk with "public" is information disclosure, as it typically grants read-only access, allowing attackers to gather sensitive data (e.g., device configurations, network topology) without altering settings.
Why A is correct: With the "public" string, an attacker can use tools like snmpwalk to enumerate device details (e.g., system uptime, interfaces, or software versions) via SNMP queries. This aligns with CNSP's focus on reconnaissance risks during security audits, emphasizing the danger of default credentials enabling passive data collection.
Why other options are incorrect:
B: While modifying settings is a risk with SNMP, the default "public" string is typically read-only. Changing configurations requires a read-write community string (e.g., "private"), which isn't implied here. Thus, snmpset would not work with "public" alone.
C: Since B is incorrect in this context, C (both A and B) cannot be the answer.
D: The risk in A is valid, so "none of the above" is incorrect.

NEW QUESTION # 40
The Active Directory database file stores the data and schema information for the Active Directory database on domain controllers in Microsoft Windows operating systems. Which of the following file is the Active Directory database file?

A. NTDS.DIT
B. NTDS.DAT
C. NTDS.MDB
D. MSAD.MDB

Answer: A

Explanation:
The Active Directory (AD) database on Windows domain controllers contains critical directory information, stored in a specific file format.
Why D is correct: The NTDS.DIT file (NT Directory Services Directory Information Tree) is the Active Directory database file, located in C:WindowsNTDS on domain controllers. It stores all AD objects (users, groups, computers) and schema data in a hierarchical structure. CNSP identifies NTDS.DIT as the key file for AD data extraction in security audits.
Why other options are incorrect:
A . NTDS.DAT: Not a valid AD database file; may be a confusion with other system files.
B . NTDS.MDB: Refers to an older Microsoft Access database format, not used for AD.
C . MSAD.MDB: Not a recognized file for AD; likely a misnomer.

NEW QUESTION # 41
Which one of the following is a phishing email?

A. Only B
B. Only A
C. Both A and B
D. None of the above

Answer: A

Explanation:
The screenshot shows an email labeled "B" with the subject "Verify your email address" purportedly from Apple. To determine if this is a phishing email, we need to analyze its content and characteristics against common phishing indicators as outlined in CNSP documentation. Since option A is not provided in the screenshot, we will evaluate email B and infer the context for A.
Analysis of Email B:
Sender and Branding: The email claims to be from "Apple Support" and includes an Apple logo, which is a common tactic to establish trust. However, phishing emails often impersonate legitimate brands like Apple to deceive users.
Subject and Content: The subject "Verify your email address" and the body requesting the user to verify their email by clicking a link ("Verify Your Email") are typical of phishing attempts. Legitimate companies like Apple may send verification emails, but the tone and context here raise suspicion.
Link Presence: The email contains a clickable link ("Verify Your Email") that is purportedly for email verification. The screenshot does not show the URL, but phishing emails often include malicious links that lead to fake login pages to steal credentials. CNSP emphasizes that unsolicited requests to click links for verification are a red flag.
Urgency and Vague Instructions: The email includes a statement, "If you did not make this change or believe an unauthorized person has accessed your account, click here to cancel and secure your account." This creates a sense of urgency, a common phishing tactic to prompt immediate action without critical thinking.
Generic Greeting: The email starts with "Dear User," a generic greeting often used in phishing emails. Legitimate companies like Apple typically personalize emails with the user's name.
Suspicious Elements: The email mentions "your Apple ID (example@icloud.com)," which is a placeholder rather than a specific email address, further indicating a mass phishing campaign rather than a targeted, legitimate communication.
Phishing Indicators (per CNSP):
CNSP documentation on phishing identification lists several red flags:
Unsolicited requests for verification or account updates.
Generic greetings (e.g., "Dear User" instead of a personalized name).
Presence of links that may lead to malicious sites (not verifiable in the screenshot but implied).
Urgency or threats (e.g., "click here to cancel and secure your account").
Impersonation of trusted brands (e.g., Apple).
Email B exhibits multiple indicators: the generic greeting, unsolicited verification request, urgent call to action, and impersonation of Apple.
Option A Context:
Since the screenshot only shows email B, and the correct answer is "Only B," we can infer that email A (not shown) does not exhibit phishing characteristics. For example, A might be a legitimate email from Apple with proper personalization, no suspicious links, or a different context (e.g., a purchase confirmation rather than a verification request).
Evaluation of Options:
1. Only A: Incorrect, as email A is not shown, and the correct answer indicates B as the phishing email.
2. Only B: Correct. Email B shows clear phishing characteristics, such as impersonation, a generic greeting, an unsolicited verification link, and urgency, aligning with CNSP's phishing criteria.
3. Both A and B: Incorrect, as A is implied to be non-phishing based on the correct answer.
4. None of the above: Incorrect, as B is a phishing email.
Conclusion: Email B is a phishing email due to its impersonation of Apple, generic greeting, unsolicited verification request with a link, and use of urgency to prompt action. Since A is not shown but implied to be non-phishing, the correct answer is "Only B."

NEW QUESTION # 42
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The SecOps Group Certified Network Security Practitioner Sample Questions (Q37-Q42):

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